What is cervical cancer? What are the types of cervical cancer?

Cancer that beings at the cervix is called cervical cancer. An abnormal growth of cells in the cervix is known as cervical cancer. Cervix is a part of the reproductive system, which is a narrow opening from the vagina to the uterus. There are two types of cervical cancer;

• Squamous cell carcinoma– 80-90% of cervical cancer begins at squamous cells. Usually, cancer begins at the transformation zone of exocervix (outer region) and endocervix (inner region).
• Adenocarcinoma– This affects the mucus-producing cells (glands) of the endocervix. This type of cervical cancer has been more common in the past 20-30 years.

In less common cases, both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma may be found. This is called as adenosquamous or mixed carcinoma of the cervix.

What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?

Early signs and symptoms of cervical cancer may not be evident. However, in advanced stages, some of the following signs and symptoms can be present:

• Abnormal bleeding during sexual intercourse, menstrual cycle, after menopause
• Pain in the pelvis, not related to menstruation
• Watery and usually thick vaginal discharge
• Pain during urination.

What are the causes of cervical cancer?

The exact cause of cervical cancer is not very clear. However, it is believed that the Human PapillomaVirus (HPV) plays a pivotal role in the development of cervical cancer. Some other factors that can increase the chances of developing cervical cancer include:

• History of sexually transmitted disease (STDs)
• Multiple and early sexual intercourse
• Compromised immune system